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The Roots Density Score ranks every state and territory, plus 109 metros, on startup capital, innovation and economic strength.

Density Score

Head to head

San Francisco–Oakland leads Kansas City on Combined, 100 to 43.

San Francisco–Oakland and Kansas City compared on every score and input; the higher value leads
San Francisco–OaklandCAOpen page →Kansas CityMO-KSOpen page →
Scores
Combined100#1 of 109 (leads)43#55 of 109
Economic98#3 of 109 (leads)37#78 of 109
Innovation (Startup & VC)100#1 of 109 (leads)48#37 of 109
Inputs
Venture capital per year, per 100k people$2.5B#1 of 109 (leads)$8.2M#51 of 109
Early-stage rounds per year, per 100k people47#1 of 109 (leads)0.87#58 of 109
Series B+ rounds per year, per 100k people6.1#1 of 109 (leads)0.06#59 of 109
Startup exits per year, per 100k people4.6#1 of 102 (leads)0.22#39 of 102
GDP per person$173K#1 of 109 (leads)$83K#53 of 109
Patents per 100k people219#1 of 103 (leads)24#59 of 103
STEM degrees per 100k people214#37 of 109 (leads)79#89 of 109
Tech share of jobs6.6%#4 of 109 (leads)3.6%#24 of 109
Net migration of 25–44 year olds, per 100k people-400#95 of 109+393#14 of 109 (leads)

Scores as of October 17, 2026See a number that’s off? Email hello@roots.build

How we calculate density

Every input is measured per 100,000 people, so small and large places compare fairly. Each input is log-transformed, converted to a z-score (capped at ±3) and averaged within seven pillars: venture capital, startup formation, scale-ups, economic output and wealth, innovation and patents, talent, and momentum. The weighted pillars produce the Startup & VC, Economy and overall scores, which are rescaled so the top place scores 100. VC dollars and rounds are averaged from January 2024 to October 2026. Washington, DC is scored but not ranked.

Sources: Specter, SEC Form ADV, Census BFS, Crunchbase, BEA, USPTO, NSF HERD/GSS, IPEDS, USCIS, BLS OEWS, ACS, IRS SOI. Scores as of October 17, 2026.

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